In today’s complex financial landscape, where digital and physical realms converge, the emergence of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) heralds a realm brimming with positive […]
Author: Caleb Parker
CBDCs and Creative Disruption: Central Banks as Catalysts for Climate Justice
In a world gripped by the urgent need for climate action, an unlikely protagonist emerges—The Central Banks. The World Economic Forum’s recent proclamation that Central […]
Evolving Landscapes: The Prudent Path of Financial Stability in the Avant Era of Smart Card E-Money
Due to the prevailing dominance of smart cards as the most viable model for e-money at the time, the focus on financial stability analysis was […]
Decoding the Avant Card Dilemma: Legal Tender Limbo and Seigniorage Standstill
In reflection, the introduction of the Avant Card from Finland failed to register any discernible impact on seigniorage income. This outcome can be attributed to […]
The Rise and Fall of Avant Card: A Tale of Innovation and Failure
In the annals of monetary history, the Avant Card stands as a remarkable experiment, a precursor to the modern concept of central bank digital currencies […]
Navigating the ATM Revolution. Avant Card’s Impact on Electronic Payments in Finland
In 1997, a significant milestone was achieved in Finland with the successful integration of the Avant card system into the existing ATM network. This achievement, […]
The Smart Card Evolution in Finland’s Financial Landscape
Technological Vanguard In the context of the Finnish Avant Card, it emerged as a noteworthy addition within the realm of commercial banking products. From its […]